Alexis Benter

The military hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone, conducted a controlled clinical trial in which 35 ebola patients received blood transfusions from donors who survived the disease. Though comparisons with the control arm of the study are not currently available, officials reported that 80 percent of the blood recipients lived. In a nation where the survival rate for the disease is below 50 percent, this is absolutely something to cheer about.

Could Antibody Proteins Block the Virus?

Proponents of the blood transfusion tactic believe that antibody proteins, which are slowly produced by the immune system, are most likely responsible for blocking the ebola virus in the weeks following infection. The treatment is particularly promising because blood plasma contains these antibodies. Since plasma can be donated more frequently than blood, this bodes well for patients in need. In addition, the tactic could potentially save more lives because the donated plasma can be stored for long periods of time.

Blood Treatments Prove Vital for Future Outbreaks

Though the initial findings are very promising, the blood plasma treatments will not have a significant impact in this current outbreak’s death toll, which has climbed past 9,253 individuals. However, these treatments will prove vital for future ebola outbreaks.

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Another benefit of the blood treatment is that it is essentially owned by the countries themselves. The medical industries won’t have to endure the headaches that come with paying high prices of buying pharmaceuticals from Big Pharma.

“The countries really liked the blood option more than the drugs because there is no manufacturer behind it and no international regulatory approvals required,” says David Wood, a virologist at the World Health Organization.

Despite the benefits, the blood transfusion tactic is not yet ready to be implemented on a massive scale. At the blood bank headquarters in Freetown, donor blood is stored in a rusted refrigerator, and lab technicians enter vital data on outdated computers. There is also the threat of blood spoiling from unreliable electricity.

Thankfully, the World Bank granted $200,000 to the Sierra Leonean blood trial, and several other donors committed more than $3.3 million to the plasma studies. A portion of this budget will go toward the purchase of medical equipment, refrigerators and infrastructure. Professionals are hopeful that the blood transfusion tactic will one day put an end to the ebola virus for good.

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Alexis Benter

The Ebola epidemic in 2014 represents the largest outbreak of the deadly disease in the recorded history of mankind. The devastating illness has killed more than 10,000 people and affected more than 22,000.

While the virus sprinted through West African nations, many global organizations criticized the World Health Organization’s African leadership as being slow and weak to respond to the outbreak. Some cite the WHO’s response in Africa as a primary reason that the Ebola outbreak spread so quickly.

However, there is hope for the WHO’s African office. The organization appointed Dr. Matshidiso Moeti as the new regional director for Africa. Dr. Moeti brings a wide array of experience and knowledge to the organization, which was once seen as a resume booster for political officials with little experience but many connections.

Hope For A Better African System

Dr. Moeti acknowledged the WHO’s weak response to the initial Ebola outbreak and placed attention to Ebola as her number one priority. She plans on eliminating the spread of the disease and reducing the number of individuals affected to zero. While the tragedy surrounding Ebola is immense, Moeti hopes that it will serve as a catalyst to improve health care in Africa as a whole and make it a priority to improve the quality of health care in African nations.

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As a native of the Republic of Botswana, Moeti brings a wealth of knowledge regarding health care and infectious diseases. She possesses more than 35 years of health care experience with WHO, UNICEF, UNAIDS and the Botswana Ministry of Health. She was at the head of the WHO Regional Office for Africa’s attempts at treating the HIV/AIDS pandemic and was the Director of Noncommunicable Diseases from 2008 to 2011. Moeti received degrees in medical and public health from the University of London and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Dr. Moeti provides an optimistic attitude towards the situation unfolding in Africa right now. This attitude will be crucial to ending the Ebola crisis as well as improving Africa’s health care system.

“I commit myself and colleagues to build on what we have created so far and I am confident that we will ride on the positive things happening in the Region,” said Moeti in an article on the World Health Organization’s website.

Featured image courtesy of: Facebook

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As headlines shift away from the Ebola outbreak that flourished in 2014, it’s easy to forget the disease that “sickened more than 200,000 people in West Africa, and killed at least 8,200, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).”

Although current data shows that the number of new cases is dropping in all three of the hardest-hit West African countries (Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea), and a recent study shows that Ebola could possibly be eliminated from the country of Liberia by June, scientists are working hard to create a vaccine for the disease.

“The idea of predicting infectious disease is relatively new. It’s not like weather predictions,” says Jeffrey Shaman, an associate professor at Mailman School of Public Health, in an interview with NPR. With this in mind, several companies are racing to test their experimental vaccines in an effort to put a standstill to the deadly disease.

Currently, there are three experimental vaccines that show signs of success. All three of them are being tested in humans in a remarkably fast pace due to the urgency of the situation.

The Top Three Most Promising Vaccinations

1. Johnson & Johnson’s Ebola Vaccine: The vaccine carries modified versions of a human cold virus and the smallpox virus, along with small parts of the genetic material of the Ebola virus. The little amount of Ebola contained may be enough to administer an immune response against the virus—meaning the body can find a way to resist the effects.

J & J started their Phase 1 trial to test the vaccine on healthy volunteers in the United Kingdom on Tuesday, Jan. 6. The purpose of the first round is to identify potential side effects of the drug before it’s administered to a larger group of people. The vaccine is being developed by J & J’s Janssen Pharmaceutical Cos. and Bavarian Nordic. Over 400,000 regimens of this vaccine have been produced that could then be used in larger trials by April.

2. GlaxoSmithKline’s Ebola Vaccine: This vaccine is further along in its development, having its Phase 1 results already published in The New England Journal of Medicine on Nov. 26, 2014. The research showed that the vaccine appeared to be effective in test subjects.

The study was done on 20 healthy adult volunteers within the United States who eventually produced antibodies against the Ebola virus. According to Reuters, Phase 2 of the trial on a larger group of people may begin in February in Africa.

3. Merck & Co.’s Ebola Vaccine: This vaccine experienced some complications in its Phase 1 trials when one of the volunteers began to experience joint pain. Testing was immediately stopped, and resumed later on when the symptoms resolved without treatment, according to the University of Geneva hospital in Switzerland.

A lower dosage of the vaccine is now being administered in trials. There has long been a debate on the urgency of a vaccine development for this deadly infectious virus in the past—which you can read all about here.

But, with monetary and medical complications pushed to the side, a safe and effective Ebola vaccination is well on its way to being used in the real world. The Ebola vaccine is expected to be available for mass use in summer 2015 at the earliest, according to the WHO.

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